Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer. It begins in the skin cells and usually presents as unusual growths or changes in the skin. While some forms are localized, others can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early. Understanding the different types of skin cancer and their behavior is key to early detection and effective management.
Types of Skin Cancer
There are three main types of skin cancer:
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Develops in the basal cells found in the lower part of the epidermis (outer layer of the skin).
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC):
Forms in squamous cells located in the outermost part of the skin.
Melanoma:
Originates in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin—the pigment that gives skin its color and provides some protection against UV rays. Melanoma is the most serious type, as it can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
Other, less common types include:
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Merkel cell carcinoma
- Sebaceous gland carcinoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Skin Cancer Risk Factors
Certain factors may increase your risk of developing skin cancer:
- Fair or sun-sensitive skin: While anyone can get skin cancer, individuals with light skin, blond or red hair, light eyes, or freckles are at higher risk.
- UV light exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight or tanning beds increases the risk. Ultraviolet (UV) rays damage skin cells over time.
- History of sunburns: Blistering sunburns, especially during childhood, significantly raise the risk later in life.
- Previous skin cancer: Individuals who have had skin cancer before are more likely to develop it again.
- Family history: A close relative (parent or sibling) with skin cancer can increase your risk.
- Weakened immune system: Immunosuppressive medications (e.g., after organ transplants) or conditions like HIV/AIDS can raise susceptibility to skin cancer.
Symptoms of Skin Cancer
Watch for the following skin changes:
- A new growth that resembles a mole, bump, or scab
- Rough or scaly patches
- A sore that does not heal
- Changes in a mole or freckle (size, shape, or color)
- Itching or pain around a skin lesion